Originally eight in total, these kingdoms straddled the Krishna-Tungabhadra doab and acted as a buffer between Vijayanagara and Bahamani Sultanate and were generally under Vijayanagara control till the fateful Battle of Talikota.
Gadwal
Also known as Kesavanagaram, Gadwal estate is at the southern borders of Hyderabad sandwiched between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra. Located between both the rivers, the estate was a bone of contention between Vijayanagara and Bahamani Sultanate for centuries. After Talikota, the estate was occupied by Bijapur. The estate was handed over to the British in 1853 to clear the arrears but was given back for the services of the Nizam in the 1857 War of Independence.
The current line of Gadwal rulers are Reddys is from Pakanadu. They inherited the estate during the Kakatiya Era and the founder is known to be Mushtipalli Peddana according to Mukunda Vilasam of Kanadamu Peddana Somayaji. Around 1290, Buddha Reddy was granted the original estate extending from Raichur to Alampur to Adoni along with the official post of Nada Gowda.
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